Adaptation of a slightly changed problem from Oxford University: Light from the Sun has an approximate flux level of 1 kW·m^(-2) at the distance of the Earth and is incident on a steel round frying pan that has a radius of 10·√(7 / π) cm, total mass 2 kg, and initially at a temperature of 20° C. Assuming that the frying pan is perfectly thermally insulated from its surroundings and absorbs all the sunlight incident upon it, how many minutes does it take for the pan to reach a temperature of 70° C and thus be hot enough to fry an egg? [ The specific heat capacity of steel is 490 J / (kg·K) ] A) 35 / 3 B) 35 / 4 C) 70 / 3 D) 70 / 9 E) 70 / 11 Frying Pan Area = π·[ 10·√(7 / π) }^2 = 700 cm^2 = 0.07 m^2 https://i72.servimg.com/u/f72/19/97/10/39/oxford17.png https://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/system/files/file_attachments/pat-2010-samplesolutions1.pdf (Page 11, Question 23.a) 700 seconds = 700 / 60 minutes = 35 / 3 minutes. Note: °C·Joule / (K·watt) = 1 second https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Joule*°C/(K*watt) Reference: https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics-formulas/thermal-energy-formula/